Pétanque, Anyone? 17 Years Ago, a ‘Boules Bash’ Took Place at the ‘Bee and Thistle’

Editor’s Note: Linda Ahnert wrote this article for LymeLine back in 2008. As summer draws to close, we decided to republish it today to celebrate the anniversary of a very memorable event at which both Linda and I were present. Much has changed since that day—the Inn is no longer an Inn, several of the people mentioned in Linda’s story have sadly passed away (read Linda’s epilogue at the end of the article for more on that), but the game of boules—or pétanque depending on which part of France you come from—goes on and is still enthusiastically played in many locales in Connecticut. If you are not familiar with the game, Linda explains all.

The former Bee and Thistle was still in business as an Inn back in August 2008 when the boules extravaganza described in this article took place.

On Sunday, August 24, the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing ended.

On that same day, another sports competition took place in Old Lyme.  Like the closing ceremonies in China, the event here went on for hours and there was much celebrating.  But unlike the Olympian feats, the local contest had nothing to do with speed or strength.  Or even with athletic prowess.

The opposing teams gathered, courtside, behind the Bee and Thistle Inn, to play a challenge match of boules. (For the correct pronunciation, think of the Yale fight song “Boola, boola”—just drop the “a” and—voilà—you have “bool.”)  This outdoor sport is popular throughout France where it is played in city parks or in village squares.  In the south of France, it is called pétanque (pronounced “pay-TONK.”)  

It is similar to Italian bocce, although bocce is more of a bowling game and pétanque involves more tossing, like horseshoes.  On this late summer afternoon, players from the Bee (l’Abeille in French) were competing against the Boules des dimanches (Sunday boules) team.  

Jacques Pépin (center facing camera, in white shirt) discusses a vital game decision with other team members.

By issuing the challenge, the “Bees” were playing in the big leagues because their opponents were no mere Sunday players.  In fact, the visiting team included some Frenchmen who grew up playing pétanque.  One of them is Jacques Pépin, who lives just down the shoreline in Madison.  The superstar chef and cookbook author is also a pétanque player par excellence.  

Another member on Pépin’s team was food writer Lee White, an Old Lyme resident (and LymeLine contributor.)  She and her husband Doug first played boules at Pépin’s house and became members of the group, which gets together on Sundays throughout the summer.  Lee said there are about 30 players in the league and that “it’s a lot of fun playing and getting to know each other.”   

The team’s roster also includes other gastronomic all-stars.  There’s Priscilla Martel and Charles van Over, formerly of the Restaurant du Village in Chester, and the restaurant’s current owner/chefs,  Cynthia and Michel Keller; Jean Pierre Vuillermet, owner/chef of the Union League Café in New Haven and its general manager, Jean Michel Gammariello; and Claude Martin, former owner/chef of Métro Bis in Simsbury. 

The Bee and Thistle’s lawn slopes away from the boules court and gently down to the Lieutenant River.

In addition to the professional chefs, Lee White noted that there are other “amazing cooks” who are on the team.  And CBS correspondent Morley Safer, a huge fan of the game and who has a pétanque court at his home in Chester, also plays with the group when he is in Connecticut.   

Lee White explained that last year she and Doug invited Linnea and David Rufo, owners of the Bee and Thistle Inn, to their house for a meal.  Afterwards, Lee suggested a game of boules to her guests.  “They fell in love with it,” Lee said and, within a month, the Rufos had installed a pétanque court at the inn.  And they began hosting “Boules at the Bee” on Thursday nights.

This summer Linnea literally threw down the gauntlet to the veteran players on Pépin’s team.  And she did it with panache—she sent a white leather glove on a satin pillow to Pépin, challenging him to a match at the Bee and Thistle.  

One of the sculptures on the grounds (foreground) looks over the boules court at the Bee and Thistle Inn.

The weather was spectacular the day of the showdown and the players began arriving at 3 p.m.  The setting actually looked more like an English garden party—the green lawns sloping down to the Lieutenant River, the sculpture on the grounds, and the tables set for an al fresco feast.

But once the games began, you could easily have imagined yourself to be in the French countryside.  There was the clacking sound of the boules (which are made of steel), the whoops of exuberance when someone made a particularly good shot, and the good-natured bantering among the players.

The winning boule in any game is the one nearest to the (in this case, red) cochonnet after the final throw in the game has been played.

The basic rules of the game are deceptively simple. There’s a small wooden ball called a cochonnet (which means piglet.)  The goal for the teams is to toss their boules as close as possible to the cochonnet.  But the game can change on a dime when an opponent knocks one of your boules out of the way or if the cochonnet itself is hit.  

Or, as one of Pépin’s compatriots, Claude Martin, summed it all up, “You see, this is totally screwed up because it’s French.”  

Even if you’ve never been to France, you may have read about pétanque in Peter Mayle’s bestselling books.  An Englishman who moves to Provence, Mayle becomes smitten with the game and quickly masters its unwritten rules.  Number one is “Anyone playing without a drink is disqualified.”  

The traditional pétanque-playing drink in the south of France is pastis, a licorice-flavored liqueur.  But here in southern Connecticut, the beverage of choice is wine. Underneath a canopy on the lawn, large garden urns served as chillers for bottles of wine.  

The tables were set for the upcoming feast.

And what is good wine without good food?—especially with so many gastronomes on the playing field.  Across from that outdoor wine bar, there was an oyster bar where a professional shucked oysters throughout the afternoon.  Not to mention the gravlax, the cheese platter, and the lamb sausage in lettuce wraps … During a break in the play, Pépin himself was grilling the lamb.

Lee White said that whoever is hosting the event on any given Sunday is responsible for providing the food but, with so many chefs on the team, there is plenty of expert help in the kitchen.  She also marveled that the French “eat and drink a lot, but they don’t get fat.”  

After about three hours of playing as well as eating and drinking, Linnea invited everyone to sit down to dinner. And she had prepared quite a spread—roasted pork with a spice rub, grilled vegetables, tomato bread pudding, and salads.  Members of Pépin’s team supplied some of the to-die-for desserts.  

Sometimes the players needed to take a break from the action.

Pépin’s Boules des dimanches team defeated the rookies from the Bee.  Afterwards, Lee White confessed that “we were nervous and were very excited to win.” And when the ceremonial plaque was presented, the ever gallant Pépin requested that the award remain at the Bee and Thistle for a rematch next summer.

But the day was far from over.  As twilight descended, lights illuminated the court and play resumed.  And it would go on for hours, as it always does with pétanque enthusiasts.

Editor’s note:  LymeLine heard through the grapevine that the party at the Bee and Thistle lasted until 1 a.m.  And, as the French say—c’est normal!

Epilogue and Author Comments: 

Seventeen years have passed since I wrote about the “Boules Bash” in Old Lyme.

It was so much fun remembering that day, but there was some bittersweetness, too.  Lee and Doug White as well as David Rufo and Morley Safer have passed away. Two beloved restaurants—the Bee & Thistle Inn and the Restaurant du Village in Chester have closed.  And Peter Mayle, whose best-selling books about life in Provence introduced readers to the wonderful world of boules, died in 2018. 

Since I am a Francophile and also love to cook, it was a thrill to meet Jacques Pépin.  After drinking a few glasses of wine, I even summoned up the courage to start our conversation en français! I was already a fan—over the years I had watched his cooking shows and read his books. 

During the pandemic, Pépin began posting short daily videos on Facebook, which I still follow. 

A few weeks ago, there was a wonderful spread of photos—a group of players on a pétanque court; mouth-watering close-ups of a roast chicken, parslied potatoes . . .  and a picture of Pépin and his daughter Claudine at the table.  Pépin’s comment: “We had a great weekend of friends, food, and boules.”

St. Patrick’s Day? Time to Find an Irish Soda Bread Recipe, Recall St. Paddy’s Day in the City

Linda Ahnert, who wrote the column below, bakes this traditional Irish Soda Bread every year to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day. Note her shamrock plant alongside the bread. Photo by L. Ahnert.

OLD LYME—We are going to begin this article with a recipe from Linda Ahnert, who wrote the column below back in 2008. The article is as timeless as this wonderful Irish recipe.

Linda explains, “I clipped this recipe from the Ladies’ Home Journal (LHJ) many years ago.  It came from a LHJ kitchen assistant named Kathleen Lee. And the introduction read: “ When Kathleen was growing up in Ireland, Sunday afternoons were always a time for relatives to drop in for a visit, a cup of tea and her mother’s Irish Soda Bread.  Here is her time-honored recipe:, which Linda continues to bake every year.

IRISH SODA BREAD

1 ½ cups buttermilk
2 tablespoons butter, melted
1 large egg, lightly beaten
1 ½ cups dark, seedless raisins
3 cups all-purpose flour
2/3 cup sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt

Preheat oven to 350. Grease 9×5-inch loaf  pan. Set aside.

Place buttermilk, butter, egg and raisins in medium bowl. Combine dry ingredients in large bowl and toss with two forks about 1 minute. Add buttermilk mixture and mix until combined.  Spoon into prepared pan. Bake 50-55 minutes (should sound hollow when rapped.) Leave in pan 1 minute, then cool completely on wire rack. Makes l loaf, about eighteen ½-inch slices.

Enjoy!

And now to the column. LInda tells us that when this column first ran in LymeLine in 2008, she received an email from someone who lived in New York City but she did not recognize the name.

She continues, “It turned out to be the niece of Richie Brew, whom I  write about in the article and in whose Irish pub I celebrated many St. Pat’s Days.  She thanked me for bringing back memories of her beloved uncle.  She added that if I was ever in NYC on March 17, I was invited to watch the parade from her apartment on Fifth Avenue!”

We love it when we hear that LymeLine has connected readers and sparked wonderful results!

Remembering St. Paddy’s Day in the City

By Linda Ahnert

green_shamrock

I was a New Yorker for 30 years and, although I love living in a quiet Connecticut town today, there are still aspects of city life that I miss.  There are the small things like being able to walk everywhere – to the supermarket, to the dry cleaner, to the movies.  And then there are the big things…

One of those is a grand old New York tradition – the celebration of Saint Patrick’s Day.  I’ll bet there are not many ex-New Yorkers (and there are a number of us in the area) who don’t get a little farklempt when calling to mind March 17ths spent in the city.  After all, is there any better place to toast the Emerald Isle than on the island of Manhattan?

In the lyrics of the Irish-American showman, George M. Cohan, “every heart beats true for the red, white, and blue.”  But in New York, on Saint Paddy’s Day, the city goes all out for the wearing of the green, starting with the green stripe painted on Fifth Avenue.

As nice as it is to wake up in a New England village on March 17, it could just as easily be February 17 or April 17.  In New York, as soon as you walk out the door on St. Patrick’s Day, there is absolutely no mistaking which day of the year it is.

There’s always electricity in the city air, but on March 17, there is a festival mood along Manhattan’s avenues and streets.  There are vendors selling green and white carnations, businessmen on their way to work sporting green ties, and teenagers with shamrocks painted on their cheeks or with shocks of hair dyed green for the day.  In short, it’s easy being green.

And the great thing about New York is that whether you’re full-blooded Irish, a little bit Irish, or nowhere near being Irish … it makes absolutely no difference.

Everyone loves a parade.  And as you get close to Fifth Avenue, you see families on their way to the parade and you start seeing parade participants.Oh, those kilts and tartans and tam-o’-shanters!

New York City Holds Annual St. Patrick's Day Parade

It might be a long way to Tipperary but on the streets of New York, I learned the names of many of Ireland’s counties.  These names are emblazoned on banners carried at the head of each county society.  Counties Cork, Clare, and Kilkenny were already familiar to me.  But I soon discovered that there are other counties with the names like Armagh, Donegal, Mayo, and Sligo.

Unlike New York’s other great processional, the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade, there are no floats and balloons, no vehicles or commercial aspects to the Saint Patrick’s Day Parade.  It is truly a “people parade” with about 150,000 participants marching up Fifth Avenue.

The parade steps off at 11 a.m. from Fifth Avenue and 44th Street and, generally, the last of the groups pass by Rockefeller Center and Saint Patrick’s Cathedral around 5 p.m.  The marchers include military units, top high school bands, drum and bugle corps, members of Eire-based societies, New York’s finest and New York’s bravest … and, of course, any politician who is running for office in the tri-state area.

A fun thing to do is to walk along the side streets off Fifth Avenue where the various groups are whiling away time as they wait their turns to fall into the parade route.  Many of them are practicing and drilling and it’s like attending a giant muster on the city sidewalks.

Pipers_St_Patricks_Day_Fun_in_NYC_3-8-13

And, when those units step out on Fifth Avenue and begin the march uptown, there is nothing like the sound that they make.  The skirling of the bagpipes and the percussion of the drums echoing off the buildings thrills and stirs the soul.  Spectators give appreciative cheers as a band plays a rousing version of “McNamara’s Band” or break into spontaneous song when they hear “When Irish Eyes Are Smiling.”

There were years when I spent hours at the parade and other years when I could only spend a few minutes, but it was always a special time.

If many New Yorkers are tucking into dinners of corned beef and cabbage or lamb stew on Saint Patrick’s night, I’ll always associate the holiday with another Irish specialty.  In my early years in the city, a woman I worked with always brought Irish soda bread to the office on Saint Paddy’s Day.

Kay was from an Irish family in Brooklyn and when she served the bread, she always put out a crock of butter with it.  I can still remember my first taste of that bread.  And today, even though I bake a mean loaf of Irish soda bread myself, nothing can ever quite compare with Kay’s.

StPattysDayBeer

The Irish pubs and saloons in the city are, of course, packed to the gills on the holiday.  And that is another great thing about New York – each neighborhood has its own Irish watering hole.  On my block of East 34th Street, the pub was Brew’s and it was where we ate at least twice a week.  It was the kind of place where you didn’t have to order your drinks because the wait staff already knew what you drank and automatically brought a round to the table when you came in the door.  Richie Brew, the pub’s owner, was warm-hearted and gregarious and called most of his customers by their first names.

We spent many memorable Saint Patrick’s nights at Brew’s.  One time, as we were arriving, a contingent of bagpipers, who had marched in the parade, were getting into formation and tuning up on the sidewalk.  Then, kilts swirling and bagpipes wailing, they marched themselves into Brew’s to the cheers of all the patrons.

The coda to the day’s festivities was watching “The Quiet Man” on TV.  One of the local New York stations (Channel 9 or 11) always screened this movie on Saint Patrick’s night.  (It was akin to airing “It’s a Wonderful Life” at Christmas.)

The movie, which stars John Wayne, Maureen O’Hara and Barry Fitzgerald, is a valentine to Ireland.  With its stunning scenery and depiction of life in the village of Inisfree, the movie always had me longing to jump on the next Aer Lingus flight back to the old countryThis Saint Patrick’s Day, I won’t be in New York.But I’ll still bake Irish soda bread and put on a CD of “The Irish Tenors.”  I’ll listen to songs about sweet Molly Malone, Dublin in the rare old times, and the last rose of summer.

And I’ll drink a toast to the green isle of Erin … and to the great island of Manhattan.

Editor’s Note: This article was first published March 17, 2008, on LymeLine.com.

In the lyrics of the Irish-American showman, George M. Cohan, “every heart beats true for the red, white, and blue.”  But in New York, on Saint Paddy’s Day, the city goes all out for the wearing of the green, starting with the green stripe painted on Fifth Avenue.

As nice as it is to wake up in a New England village on March 17, it could just as easily be February 17 or April 17.  In New York, as soon as you walk out the door on St. Patrick’s Day, there is absolutely no mistaking which day of the year it is.

There’s always electricity in the city air, but on March 17, there is a festival mood along Manhattan’s avenues and streets.  There are vendors selling green and white carnations, businessmen on their way to work sporting green ties, and teenagers with shamrocks painted on their cheeks or with shocks of hair dyed green for the day.  In short, it’s easy being green.

And the great thing about New York is that whether you’re full-blooded Irish, a little bit Irish, or nowhere near being Irish … it makes absolutely no difference.

Everyone loves a parade.  And as you get close to Fifth Avenue, you see families on their way to the parade and you start seeing parade participants.Oh, those kilts and tartans and tam-o’-shanters!

It might be a long way to Tipperary but on the streets of New York, I learned the names of many of Ireland’s counties.  These names are emblazoned on banners carried at the head of each county society.  Counties Cork, Clare, and Kilkenny were already familiar to me.  But I soon discovered that there are other counties with the names like Armagh, Donegal, Mayo, and Sligo.

New York City Holds Annual St. Patrick's Day Parade

Unlike New York’s other great processional, the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade, there are no floats and balloons, no vehicles or commercial aspects to the Saint Patrick’s Day Parade.  It is truly a “people parade” with about 150,000 participants marching up Fifth Avenue.

The parade steps off at 11 a.m. from Fifth Avenue and 44th Street and, generally, the last of the groups pass by Rockefeller Center and Saint Patrick’s Cathedral around 5 p.m.  The marchers include military units, top high school bands, drum and bugle corps, members of Eire-based societies, New York’s finest and New York’s bravest … and, of course, any politician who is running for office in the tri-state area.

A fun thing to do is to walk along the side streets off Fifth Avenue where the various groups are whiling away time as they wait their turns to fall into the parade route.  Many of them are practicing and drilling and it’s like attending a giant muster on the city sidewalks.
Pipers_St_Patricks_Day_Fun_in_NYC_3-8-13

And, when those units step out on Fifth Avenue and begin the march uptown, there is nothing like the sound that they make.  The skirling of the bagpipes and the percussion of the drums echoing off the buildings thrills and stirs the soul.  Spectators give appreciative cheers as a band plays a rousing version of “McNamara’s Band” or break into spontaneous song when they hear “When Irish Eyes Are Smiling.”

There were years when I spent hours at the parade and other years when I could only spend a few minutes, but it was always a special time.

If many New Yorkers are tucking into dinners of corned beef and cabbage or lamb stew on Saint Patrick’s night, I’ll always associate the holiday with another Irish specialty.  In my early years in the city, a woman I worked with always brought Irish soda bread to the office on Saint Paddy’s Day.

Kay was from an Irish family in Brooklyn and when she served the bread, she always put out a crock of butter with it.  I can still remember my first taste of that bread.  And today, even though I bake a mean loaf of Irish soda bread myself, nothing can ever quite compare with Kay’s.

StPattysDayBeer

The Irish pubs and saloons in the city are, of course, packed to the gills on the holiday.  And that is another great thing about New York – each neighborhood has its own Irish watering hole.  On my block of East 34th Street, the pub was Brew’s and it was where we ate at least twice a week.  It was the kind of place where you didn’t have to order your drinks because the wait staff already knew what you drank and automatically brought a round to the table when you came in the door.  Richie Brew, the pub’s owner, was warm-hearted and gregarious and called most of his customers by their first names.

We spent many memorable Saint Patrick’s nights at Brew’s.  One time, as we were arriving, a contingent of bagpipers, who had marched in the parade, were getting into formation and tuning up on the sidewalk.  Then, kilts swirling and bagpipes wailing, they marched themselves into Brew’s to the cheers of all the patrons.

The coda to the day’s festivities was watching “The Quiet Man” on TV.  One of the local New York stations (Channel 9 or 11) always screened this movie on Saint Patrick’s night.  (It was akin to airing “It’s a Wonderful Life” at Christmas.)

The movie, which stars John Wayne, Maureen O’Hara and Barry Fitzgerald, is a valentine to Ireland.  With its stunning scenery and depiction of life in the village of Inisfree, the movie always had me longing to jump on the next Aer Lingus flight back to the old countryThis Saint Patrick’s Day, I won’t be in New York.But I’ll still bake Irish soda bread and put on a CD of “The Irish Tenors.”  I’ll listen to songs about sweet Molly Malone, Dublin in the rare old times, and the last rose of summer.

And I’ll drink a toast to the green isle of Erin … and to the great island of Manhattan.

Editor’s Note: This article was first published March 17, 2008, on LymeLine.com.

A Christmas Essay: Food For Thought At Christmas

Linda Ahnert

Editor’s Note: We are delighted to re-publish this wonderful piece by our friend Linda Ahnert of Old Lyme. She wrote it way back in 2005 but it remains just as relevant today.

Yes, Virginia, there can be too much of a good thing. That’s especially true during the Yuletide.

All that over-spending, all the over-eating, and all those over-decorated houses. That is why, last year at this time, I went back to several books I first read in childhood to look for Christmases just like the ones I used to know. Yes, I found tidings of comfort and joy. I also realized the importance of food in these stories and in our own Christmas memories.

One of the books, “Little Women,” is the classic about the four March sisters growing up in New England. As the story opens, it is a Christmas during the Civil War and the March family is living in straightened circumstances. But when the girls hear of a needy family in the neighborhood, they gladly give up their Christmas breakfast to feed the hungry children. Even self-centered Amy sacrifices her favorite things—“the cream and the muffins.”

Jo March laments that “Christmas won’t be Christmas without any presents.” And for most of us, Christmas wouldn’t be the same if we didn’t have some particular food in the house during the season.

For instance, one of my early food memories of Christmas is tangerines and walnuts. My paternal grandparents came to this country from Germany. On Christmas Eve, everyone would gather at their home. I remember my grandfather playing the mandolin and singing “Stille Nacht” and other German carols. My grandmother decorated the buffet in the dining room with evergreen boughs. Interspersed in the greens were tangerines and all varieties of nuts in the shell. Before we left, my grandmother would stuff our mittens with the fruit and nuts.

Another family that I spent many hours with as a child were the Ingalls in the “Little House” books. How I loved reading about the adventures of Laura, Mary, Carrie, Ma and Pa as they crossed the prairie. The author, Laura Ingalls Wilder, describes the delight of the children one Christmas morning. The girls have reached into their stockings to find shiny tin cups and each has a “long, long stick” of peppermint candy, striped red and white.

But their stockings weren’t empty yet. The girls pull out small packages and unwrap them to discover heart-shaped cakes. “Over their delicate brown tops was sprinkled white sugar. The sparkling grains lay like tiny drifts of snow.” It might be a simple Christmas on the frontier but the girls can’t imagine being any happier.

Across the pond in merrie old England, Charles Dickens included numerous descriptions of food in “A Christmas Carol.” You may not look forward to your weekly trips to the A & P but, trust me, your mouth will water reading Dickens’ descriptions of the produce in the London grocery shops at Christmas.

And who could forget the account of the Cratchit Christmas dinner? (“There never was such a goose.”) To complement this “feathered phenomenon,” Mrs. Cratchit “made the gravy (ready beforehand in a little saucepan) hissing hot, Master Peter mashed the potatoes with incredible vigor, Miss Belinda sweetened up the apple sauce …”

Bob Cratchit rolled up his threadbare sleeves and “compounded some hot mixture in a jug with gin and lemons, and stirred it round and round, and put it on the hob to simmer.” In 21st century parlance … I’ll have what they’re having.

Truman Capote’s “A Christmas Memory” is an autobiographical story set in rural Alabama in the 1930s. It opens on a November morning when the elderly cousin who is raising seven-year-old Buddy announces that “It’s fruitcake weather!” For Buddy this means the official start of the Christmas season.

They begin the yearly ritual of gathering pecans in an old buggy and scrimping together their meager funds to buy the ingredients to bake 30 fruitcakes. For days “eggbeaters whirl, spoons spin round in bowls of butter and sugar, vanilla sweetens the air, ginger spices it; melting, nose-tingling odors saturate the kitchen, suffuse the house, drift out to the world on puffs of chimney smoke.” When the work is done, the “cakes, dampened with whiskey, bask on window sills and shelves.”

In our family, too, the holiday season begins on a November day. A week or two before Thanksgiving, we receive a package of pecans from Louisiana. They are from the trees in my aunt’s yard and she sends them each year in time to bake our holiday desserts. My mother was born and raised in Louisiana and it wouldn’t be Christmas in our house without cornbread and pecan pies.

And so, gentle readers, whether your Christmas traditions include roasting chestnuts on an open fire or whipping up a batch of wassail, may God bless us, everyone.

Counting Our Blessings in the Memorable Words of Wilbur Cross


Editor’s Note: 
We are delighted to republish a column by Linda Ahnert, of Old Lyme, which celebrates this day of thankfulness.

If you say the name “Wilbur Cross” to Connecticut residents, they will most likely think of the parkway that bears his name.  But older readers will recall that he was governor of our state for eight years—from 1931 to 1939, to be exact.

On Nov. 12, 1936, Wilbur Cross issued an eloquent Thanksgiving Proclamation, which has gone down in the annals of Connecticut history.  Many generations of school children either were read the Proclamation in class or required to memorize it … or both!

For the benefit of those not familiar with his memorable words, we reprint them here:

Time out of mind at this turn of the seasons when the hardy oak leaves rustle in the wind and the frost gives a tang to the air and the dusk falls early and the friendly evenings lengthen under the heel of Orion, it has seemed good to our people to join together in praising the Creator and Preserver, who has brought us by a way that we did not know to the end of another year.  In observance of this custom, I appoint Thursday, the twenty-sixth of November, as a day of Public Thanksgiving for the blessings that have been our common lot and have placed our beloved State with the favored regions of earth—for all the creature comforts: the yield of the soil that has fed us and the richer yield from labor of every kind that has sustained our lives—and for all those things, as dear as breath to the body, that quicken man’s faith in his manhood, that nourish and strengthen his spirit to do the great work still before him: for the brotherly word and act; for honor held above price; for steadfast courage and zeal in the long, long search after truth; for liberty and for justice freely granted by each to his fellow and so as freely enjoyed; and for the crowning glory and mercy of peace upon our land;—that we may humbly take heart of these blessings as we gather once again with solemn and festive rites to keep our Harvest Home. 

It’s no wonder that Wilbur Cross knew how to use words.  In 1889, he earned a Ph.D. in English literature from Yale.  Before he became governor, he taught English at Yale, was a well-known literary critic, and wrote several books.

By 1941, just five years after Cross wrote about the “mercy of peace upon our land,” the United Sates would be fighting in World War II.

In 1976, another Connecticut governor—Ella Grasso—reissued the proclamation from 40 years earlier and called it a “masterpiece of eloquence.” 

Today, Wilbur Cross’s words still stir our spirits.  We are thankful that we live in this “favored region of earth” and for the freedoms that we enjoy.  And, yes, we are grateful for the glory of the English language. 

Talking Turkey—the Evolution of the ‘Quintessential American Holiday’

Linda Ahnert

Editor’s Note: Seventeen years ago, our friend and former colleague at ‘Main Street News,’ Linda Ahnert of Old Lyme wrote a wonderful column for us about the first Thanksgiving and how it evolved into a national holiday. As Thanksgiving is almost upon us, we are delighted to republish it here.

On this Thursday, Nov. 28, Americans from sea to shining sea will be sitting down to a turkey dinner. During these politically polarized times, this is something we can agree on—we all love Thanksgiving! Which is why I am grateful to re-read “Giving Thanks: Thanksgiving Recipes and History, from Pilgrims to Pumpkin Pie.” This book by Kathleen Curtin, Sandra L. Oliver, and Plimoth Plantation is a fascinating look at how an autumnal feast evolved into a “quintessential American holiday.”

And since this article was first published, The Plimoth Plantation has changed its name to Plimoth Patuxet Museums. Its mission is to tell the story of the English colonists in Plymouth, Mass. and the native peoples who lived there. So in 2020 the new name was adopted because it better reflects the multicultural history that is the essence of the museum’s mission.

After all, wasn’t this what we first learned about Thanksgiving in grade school? It was the story of the Pilgrims and Indians breaking bread together. And what is better than people sharing a good meal?

Read on to find out what was really on the menu that first Thanksgiving in 1621 and learn how this fall feast evolved into a national holiday.

Who Doesn’t Love Thanksgiving?

Giving thanks_book

In 2005 a book entitled “Giving Thanks: Thanksgiving Recipes and History, from Pilgrims to Pumpkin Pie” was published. The co-authors are Kathleen Curtin, food historian at The Plimoth Plantation, Mass., and Sandra L. Oliver, food historian and publisher of the newsletter “Food History News.”

The book is a fascinating look at how an autumnal feast evolved into a “quintessential American holiday.”

Most Americans, introduced to the story of the Pilgrims and Indians during childhood, assume there is a direct link between the traditional holiday menu and the first Thanksgiving. But we learn from the book that many of those food items—such as mashed potatoes and apple pie—were simply impossible in Plymouth, Mass., in 1621. Potatoes were not introduced to New England until much later and those first settlers did not yet have ovens to bake pies.

What we do know about the bill of fare at the first celebration in 1621 comes from a letter written by colonist Edward Winslow to a friend in England: “Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors.”

Later 90 Indians joined the party with “their great king Massasoit whom for three days we entertained and feasted.” Then the Indians “went out and killed five deer which they brought to the plantation.”

So venison was a principal food on the menu. It also seems safe to assume that mussels, clams, and lobsters (all in plentiful supply) were served as well.  According to other journals of the colonists, the “fowl” that Winslow described were probably ducks and geese. But wild turkeys were also bountiful in 1621, and so it is very likely that they were on the Pilgrims’ table. Thank goodness for that.

Throughout the New England colonies, it became common to proclaim a day of thanksgiving sometime in the autumn. In period diaries, there are many descriptions of food preparation—such as butchering and pie baking—followed by the notation that “today was the general thanksgiving.”

By the 19th century, Americans were taking the idea of a “thanksgiving” to a whole new level. The religious connotations were dropping away in favor of a holiday celebrating family and food. Roast turkey had become the centerpiece of these fall celebrations.

Turkeys, of course, were native to North America. (Benjamin Franklin, in a letter, had even proposed the turkey as the official U.S. bird!)

And turkey was considered to be a fashionable food back in the Mother Country. Just think of the significance of turkey in Charles’ Dickens’ “A Christmas Carol.” When Scrooge wakes up in a joyful mood on Christmas morning, he calls to a boy in the street to deliver the prize turkey in the poulterer’s shop to the Cratchit family. (Earlier in the story, the poor Cratchits were dining on goose.)

It is thanks to a New England woman that Thanksgiving became an American holiday. Sarah Hale was a native of New Hampshire and the editor of “Godey’s Lady’s  Book,”  a popular women’s magazine. She lobbied for years for a national observance of Thanksgiving.  She wrote editorials and sent letters to the president, all state governors, and members of Congress.

Finally, in 1863, she convinced Abraham Lincoln that a national Thanksgiving Day might help to unite the Civil War-stricken country. The fourth Thursday in November was now officially on the American calendar.

Connecticut’s own Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote this description of a New England Thanksgiving in one of her novels—“But who shall … describe the turkey, and chickens, and chicken pies, with all that endless variety of vegetables which the American soil and climate have contributed to the table … After the meat came the plum-puddings, and then the endless array of pies. . .”

The autumnal feast became a national holiday, but each region of the country put its own spin on the menu.   Not to mention that immigrants have also added diversity. The result is a true “melting pot” of America. The second half of “Giving Thanks” contains recipes that reflect what Americans eat for Thanksgiving in the 21st century.

In the South, for instance, the turkey might be stuffed with cornbread and there would be pecan and sweet potato pies on the table. In New Mexico, chiles and Southwestern flavors may be added to the stuffing.

There’s the “time-honored traditional bread stuffing” recipe. There’s also one for a Chinese American rice dressing and directions for a Cuban turkey stuffed with black beans and rice. Desserts run the gamut from an (authentic) Indian pudding to an (exotic) coconut rice pudding.  Old-fashioned pumpkin pie is included as well as the newfangled pumpkin cheesecake.

But no matter what food items grace our Thanksgiving tables, it seems that we all end up stuffing ourselves silly.

Perhaps overeating started at that very first harvest celebration in 1621. In Edward Winslow’s letter describing the feast with the Indians, he noted that food was not always this plentiful. But he wrote his friend in England “ … yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”